Serum sodium disorders: safe management

Management of sodium disorders during continuous haemofiltration

In patients with acute kidney injury and concomitant severe hyponatraemia or hypernatraemia, rapid correction of the serum Na+ concentration needs to be avoided. The present paper outlines the principles of how to adjust the Na+ concentration in the replacement fluid during continuous renal replacement therapy to prevent rapid changes of the serum Na+ concentration.

Electrolyte Disorders: Derangements of Serum Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium

W balance is measured by changes in osmolality. Osmolality is the number of osmotically active particles (osmoles) per liter of solution. (Osmolarity is expressed per kilogram). Hypo-osmolality indicates an excess of water relative to osmoles; hyperosmolality indicates water deficiency. The serum osmolality [in milliosmols per liter (mosm/L)] can be calculated by the following formula: Serum os...

Serum sodium disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury

Sodium disorders are the most common and most poorly understood electrolyte disorders in neurological patients. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of sodium disorders and its association with different traumatic brain injuries. This prospective study was conducted in 80 patients diagnosed with moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries. All patients underwent cerebral comput...

Diagnosis and management of sodium disorders: hyponatremia and hypernatremia.

Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are common findings in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Sodium disorders are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Plasma osmolality plays a critical role in the pathophysiology and treatment of sodium disorders. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are classified based on volume status (hypovolemia, euvolemia, and hypervolemia). Sodium dis...

Dalteparin sodium in the management of thromboembolic disorders